A  Study to assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Selected complications of Pregnancy and Its Management in terms of Knowledge and Attitude Among Primigravida Mothers in Selected Rural Areas of Ahmedabad District

 

Ms. Riddhi V. Trivedi

Lecturer, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar Gujarat.

ABSTRACT:

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management in terms of knowledge and attitude among primigravida mothers in selected rural areas of Ahmedabad district was carried out.  Pre experimental approach was used with one group pretest and posttest design. The study was conducted in the selected rural areas of Ahmedabad District. The investigator used multi stage simple random sampling technique for selecting 50 samples. A Planned Teaching Programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management was prepared for the sample. A structured Knowledge questionnaire and summated likert’s attitude scale were prepared to assess the knowledge and attitude of the samples. Reliability of the tool was ascertained by test Re-test method using Spearman’s rank Correlation Coefficient Formula. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. 27(54%) sample were in the age group of less than 25  years, 19 (38%) samples had educational status of secondary education, 25(50%) samples were belong to nuclear type of family, 15 (30%) had Radio / Television-mass media as a source of information. The mean pretest knowledge score was 14.64 and the mean posttest knowledge score was 23.72. The mean pretest attitude score was 51.24 and the mean posttest attitude score was 75.82. Significance of the difference between pretest and posttest knowledge was statistically tested using paired ‘t’ test and it was found significant at 0.05 level. There was significant increase in the knowledge and attitude of the primigravida mothers after administration of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management.  The association between the pretest score and demographic variables was tested using the Chi-square test. There is the significant association found with age, educational status and source of information of samples and the pretest knowledge score of the Samples. There is also the significant association found between pretest attitude score of the samples and age, educational status and source of information. Thus it is concluded that there is significant association between pretest score and the selected demographic variables.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Thousands of women could be saved each year if they had access to skilled care during pregnancy and child birth, and access to emergency obstetric care. Most of the interventions they need are simple, affordable and highly effective.¹                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            -Dr.Lee Jong Wook

 

World health organization stated that the pregnancy and child birth are special events in woman’s life. This can be a time of great hope and joyful anticipation .It can also be time of fear, suffering and even death. Although pregnancy is not a disease but a normal physiological process, it is associated with certain risk to health and survival for both mother and her fetus. This is why it is so important for   women to have knowledge and understanding of the common disorders of pregnancy in order to cope with the condition and minimize the effect she experiences. These risks are present in every society and in every setting. In developed countries they have been largely overcome because every pregnant woman has special care during pregnancy and child birth.  But In developing countries it is not possible, due to lack of adequate information and care provision.^2,3,8

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Pregnancy is a normal process that results in a series of both physiological and psychological changes in expectant mothers. However, normal pregnancy may be accompanied by some problems and complications which are potentially life threatening to the mother and /or the fetus.(P. Kavtha,2012)⁴ Globally, every minute, at least one woman dies from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth – that means 6, 00,000 women a year. Most maternal deaths are avoidable if health care solutions are available to prevent or manage the complications. This includes well-functioning health system that provides accessible and high quality care from household to hospital level⁵. (Kinjal Desai, 2011) Life threatening complications are treatable, and thus most of these deaths are avoidable if women with the complications are able to identify and seek appropriate emergency obstetric care which makes a difference between life and death. Lack of awareness of the significance of symptoms of obstetric complications is one of the reasons of failure of women to identify and seek appropriate emergency care. (Maternal Mortality in India, 2011)^6,9

 

Though health departments create awareness both central and state level through mass media for planned Maternal and child health programme. Still most the mothers living in remote areas are not aware of this due to lack of literacy, ignorance and social cultural factors. (Della K C, 2013) ⁷

 

OBJECTIVES:

1)To assess the knowledge of  primigravida mothers before and after administration of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management in selected rural areas of  Ahmedabad  district.

 

2) To assess the attitude  of  primigravida mothers before and after administration of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management in selected rural areas of Ahmedabad district.

 

3) To find out association between pre-test knowledge score of primigravida mothers on selected complications of pregnancy and its management with selected demographic variables.

 

4) To find out association between pre-test attitude score of primigravida mothers on selected complications of pregnancy and its management with selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESES:

H₁:

The mean post-test knowledge scores of primigravida mothers will be significantly higher than their mean pre-test knowledge score after administration of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management as evidenced by structured knowledge questionnaire at  0.05 level of significance.

 

H₂:

The mean post-test attitude scores of primigravida mothers will be significantly higher than their mean pre-test attitude score after administration of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management as evidenced by summated likert’s attitude scale at 0.05 level of significance.

 

H₃:

There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge score of primigravida mothers on selected complications of pregnancy and its management with selected demographic variable.

 

H₄:

There will be significant association between pre-test attitude score of primigravida mothers on selected complications of pregnancy and its management with selected demographic variable.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

Research approach:

A pre experimental approach

 

Research design:

One group pretest posttest design

 

Research setting: 

Selected rural areas of Ahmedabad district

Target population:

Primigravida mothers residing in the selected rural areas of Ahmedabad district

 

Sample size:

50 Primigravida mothers

 

Sampling technique:

Simple random sampling technique

 

Tool for data collection:

Structured knowledge questionnaire Summated likert’s attitude scale for measure of attitude

 

Data analysis:

The demographic variables were organized by using descriptive measures (frequency and percentage).the association between the level of knowledge and attitude and the selected demographic variables were assessed by chi-square test.

 

FINDINGS:

·        The study revealed that majority samples 27 (54.0%) were in the age group of less than 25 years and minimum sample was 8 (16.0%) in the age group of more than 35 year. As regards to education: Majority of samples 19 (38.0%) were having secondary education, 16 (32.0%) was having primary education and 15 (30.0%) were having higher secondary and above education. Distribution of samples according to type of family:  25 (50%) samples were belonging to nuclear family and 25 (50%) samples belong to joint family. Distribution of sample according to source of information: Majority of samples 15 (30%) were having radio/television-mass media as their source of information, 14 (28.0%) had newspaper/magazine as their source of information, 11 (22.0%) had  family members and friends and 10 (20.0%) samples had  attended health camps or have health workers as  their source of information.

 

·        The study revealed that the mean post-test knowledge scores (23.7200) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (14.6400). The mean difference between Pre-test and post-test knowledge score was 9.080. The Standard deviation of Pre-test Knowledge score was 3.31 and Standard deviation of post-test knowledge score was 2.60. The findings also showed that the calculated value of ‘t’ 24.24 was significantly higher than the tabulated value of ‘t’ (2.01), hence null hypothesis H0₁ was  rejected and research hypothesis H₁ was accepted at 0.05 level of significance. It indicates the planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of the respondents.

 

·        The study also revealed that   the mean post-test attitude scores (75.8200) is higher than the mean pre-test attitude score (51.2400). The mean difference between Pre-test and post-test attitude score was 24.58. The table also shows that the Standard deviation of Pre-test attitude score was 6.25499 and Standard deviation of post-test attitude score was  10.69368. The findings also showed that the calculated value of ‘t’-at degree of freedom 49 is 14.43 was significantly higher than the tabulated value of ‘t’ 2.01, hence null hypothesis H0₂ was rejected and hypothesis H₂ was accepted at 0.05 level of significance. It indicates the planned teaching programme was effective for favourable attitude of the respondents.

 

·        The study also shows that the selected demographic variables age, educational status and source of information had significant association with the knowledge among the samples and so research hypothesis H₃ was accepted and null hypothesis H₀₃ was  rejected.

 

·        The selected demographic variables age, educational status and source of information have significant association with the attitude among the samples and so research hypothesis H₄ was accepted and null hypothesis H₀₄ was rejected.

 

CONCLUSION:

The study concluded that there was significant improvement of knowledge and attitude in posttest after administration of planned teaching programme on selected complications of pregnancy and its management. This planned teaching programme was an effective method in terms of improving knowledge and attitude on selected complications of pregnancy and its management among primigravida mothers.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Basavanthappa, B.T. (2007). Nursing Research. 2^nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee   Brothers; Pp 105-134.

2.       Clamp, L. L. and Gough, S.(1999). Nursing Research, 3^rd ed. London: SAGE Publication; Pp 27-28, 94-96, 198-200.

3.       Dutta DC. (2004).Text Book of Obstetrics. 6th ed. Calcutta: New Central Book  Agency; Pp 102-104

4.       Jacob Annamma. (2005). A Comprehensive Text Book of Midwifery. 1^st ed. New  Delhi: Jaypee brothers; Pp 116-121

5.       Anandalakshmy PN, Buckshee K, 1997, Maternal Mortality in a referral hospital of northern India - A sixteen year review, ‘The Journal of Family Welfare’ September,43(3):1-4 

6.       Swarna. Maternal Morbidity, 2004, ‘Nurses of India’, 11-4.

7.       WHO, 2006, Why do so many women still die in pregnancy or child birth? ‘Nightingale Nursing Times’, 1(10):45-48.

8.       www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331752

9.       http://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/e/early+warning+signs.html

 

 

 

Received on 08.04.2015           Modified on 20.04.2015

Accepted on 24.04.2015           © A&V Publication all right reserved